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JavaScript is disabled. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. You are using an out of date browser. It may not display this or other websites correctly. You should upgrade or use an alternative browser. Dominicans and the Crack culture Status Not open for further replies. Jun 7, 73 0 0. What's hot. Related words pie , 8 ball , Tony Montana , Tunechi , jonesing , The Chronic , moon rocks , whippets. Where does yayo come from? Examples of yayo.
I'm not sure how a human being can inhale 10 g of llello per day and still function, but Van Damme did it. Also, Ming-Na Wen is a badass. There's a new front in the drug war: the female scalp. Yes, intrepid ladies are now sneaking yayo into the country under their weaves But the truth is, the professors argue, most people who tried crack did not continue to use it, perhaps because its devastating effects were hard to ignore.
It was used heavily only by a small percentage of even the people who used cocaine and never became a popular or widely used drug in the U. At the same time, while most New Yorkers were not affected by the drug directly, there is no denying that in the poorest sections of New York, the impacts of crack and its sale were severe. It affected both birth and death. The number of mothers who tested positive for cocaine after giving birth quintupled from to According to Karmen of John Jay, by , when crack had come to dominate the narcotics market in the city, police were reporting that about half of the 1, murders were drug-related and of those, were related to crack cocaine.
A rise in other serious crime in the city at least seems to have coincided with the crack era, as robberies and assaults crimes that, like murder, are typically associated with the drug trade gradually increased from to , when there were a record , felonies committed in the city, according to police records.
Some years, drug arrests went up and so did overall crime. Other years saw fewer busts and less crime. And sometimes an increase in arrests accompanied a drop in crime. In drug-plagued neighborhoods and public housing complexes, civilians organized themselves to try to oust the drug peddlers, sometimes at great risk. In January , five members of a mosque used a pump-action shotgun and pistol to threaten a man they believed was selling drugs out of an apartment in their Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood.
For two years, Maria and Carlos Hernandez waged their own personal war against neighborhood drug dealers in Bushwick, Brooklyn, not being scared off even after Carlos was shot and then stabbed for confronting dealers. On Aug. The bullets struck Maria in the head, killing her. When they arrive, the buyers approach them, and the deal is quickly consummated on the stroll. Dowd later admitted that he provided protection for Brooklyn drug dealers and even helped set up a rival drug dealer for assassination.
Four police officers from the Brooklyn South narcotics unit were arrested last year on charges of stealing cocaine out of evidence lockers and using it to pay off their informants having sex with female informants, and stealing cash from drug dealers. In March, one of the accused cops, Jerry Bowens, shot and killed his girlfriend and wounded her friend.
While some of the Mercury News series' assertions about the origins of the crack cocaine epidemic are in fact accurate, others do not appear to be supported by fact or are the product of untested supposition.
For example, while Ross was a major cocaine trafficker in Los Angeles in the mids, there is scant evidence to support the assertion that he was solely or even principally responsible for the explosive growth of crack cocaine in Los Angeles during that period. The burgeoning of the crack cocaine market -- both in Los Angeles and across the country -- is best explained by the confluence of several factors that were not under the control of a single entity or individual.
There is no doubt that Ricky Ross created a massive distribution network that poured enormous amounts of crack into Los Angeles, and elsewhere, during the mids. One of the more challenging aspects of our inquiry has been to reconcile, or choose between, conflicting accounts by Blandon and Ross.
Both admit to participating in repeated, large-scale drug transactions, but they differ on the duration of their drug dealing and the quantity of cocaine sold. And each man's account has itself varied over time. It is hard to pin-point exactly when Ross first became involved in the cocaine business, since he has been unsure of the precise date and has given at least two different accounts of how he got started. However, these descriptions of his drug dealing history contain certain facts susceptible to being fixed in time.
Ross grew up in Los Angeles, and was a talented tennis player in high school. According to Ross' testimony in his trial, he failed to graduate from high school, and enrolled at Venice Gilson Trade School, where he met "Mr.
Fisher then allegedly introduced him to cocaine and drug dealing. While his academic records indicate that he remained enrolled until January , his transcripts show that he played tennis for L. Trade Tech until January Thus, according to this account of his introduction to cocaine dealing, he began selling cocaine either in early , when he stopped playing tennis at L. Trade Tech, or in , when he finished taking classes there. Ross also told both the Los Angeles Times and the Mercury News that he began dealing cocaine after his arrest for grand theft auto, which occurred in March This places Ross' beginnings as cocaine dealer in mid, at the earliest.
Whether Ross began selling cocaine at the behest of Mr. Fisher or after his arrest for grand theft auto, both accounts suggest that he started selling cocaine in or around early We believe that it is most likely that Ross started dealing cocaine in early Determining when Blandon became Ross' supplier is a more difficult task, complicated both by Ross' and Blandon's frequently shifting accounts of when they met.
In various interviews and testimony, Ross has stated that Blandon began selling cocaine to him in or , or sometime during or Blandon, on the other hand, has asserted that they met later: , , or Despite the disagreement on the precise year, Ross and Blandon provide the same account of how they met and began their dealings.
Ross and Blandon agree that their relationship began shortly after Villavencio was shot and paralyzed. After Villavencio's shooting, Corrales attempted to continue doing business. He ultimately gave up, arranged for Blandon to deal directly with Ross, and left the country. Police records confirm that Villavencio was shot in October It appears, therefore, that Blandon did not began selling directly to Ross until after October Because Corrales attempted to continue conducting business before introducing Ross directly to Blandon, Ross and Blandon probably did not begin dealing with each other until The scale of Ross' operation vastly increased once he starting dealing directly with Blandon, particularly after Blandon developed a Colombian source of supply, Aparicio Moreno.
Blandon has not been able to say precisely when he began to deal with Moreno but, based on the accounts of Blandon, Carlos Rocha -- one of Blandon's associates whom the OIG interviewed -- and LA CI-1, it appears that Blandon did not develop his Colombian source until approximately Establishing with any certainty how much cocaine Blandon sold to Ross is virtually impossible.
No one in Blandon's or Ross' organizations kept a careful accounting of such matters. Moreover, the quantity that Blandon sold to Ross was not constant. The amounts were relatively small at the beginning of their relationship, growing considerably as time passed.
To further complicate matters, the amounts Blandon sold to Ross fluctuated according to his supply and competition with Ross' various other suppliers. Some estimates have failed to take these factors into account and have instead assumed that the quantity Ross was buying at his peak in remained constant over the duration of his relationship with Blandon.
From our interviews of both Ross and Blandon, we know that this was not the case. When interviewed by the OIG, Ross recalled that the first kilogram he ever bought was purchased from Blandon.
Before that he was dealing in smaller quantities. As discussed above, the OIG believes that Ross began buying cocaine from Blandon in late or early According to Blandon, Ross bought two or three kilograms every few days, until Blandon, wearying of these repeated transactions, started selling Ross about 25 kilograms at a time. Blandon noted that this reduced his profit per kilogram because of volume discounts, but increased his overall profit because he was selling more cocaine.
Blandon testified at Ross' trial that he was selling kilos per month to Ross in Blandon also testified that by he was selling kilos per week to a combination of four or five different customers, including Ross. Blandon told the OIG that during and , the amounts he sold Ross ranged from 50 kilos in a week, to nothing.
It is possible that Ross did not begin buying in large multi-kilo quantities until mid or late When Ross was asked during his December testimony in the "Big Spender" trial to estimate how much his drug organization sold over its lifetime -- which the OIG believes began in or and ended with his arrest in -- he said the total amount was between 2, kilos and 3, kilos.
Such an estimate is consistent with Blandon's account above and with an estimate Blandon made in July during a conversation with an individual who, unbeknownst to Blandon, was a DEA informant wearing a hidden recording device. Blandon told the informant that he estimated that he had sold between 2, and 4, kilos to black drug dealers. Ross noted that he had never received cocaine on credit from either the Torres brothers or Blandon, but was occasionally given partial credit when he did not have enough cash to pay for a delivery.
Blandon denied to the OIG ever making a multi-million dollar shipment to Ross. Instead, he maintained that he delivered approximately 50 to 60 kilos of cocaine to Ross with Lister.
He denied that Ross paid him millions of dollars for this transaction. Some of Ross' estimates of his cocaine sales have far exceeded the to kilo estimate he made in Ross told the OIG that, in and , he frequently got about kilograms a week from Blandon and about 40 kilograms a week from Edgar and Jacinto Torres, two of Blandon's competitors who sold to Ross until If this pattern of purchases occurred consistently for only a single year, this would amount to close to kilograms.
Ross also estimated that Blandon sold him between and kilograms every month.
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