Abstract geographic features are those that do not physically exist in the real world but have a location by definition and can be displayed on maps. They are also called borders. They are usually drawn along geographical features, either natural or artificial. Sometimes, the border between countries is simply a dotted line on a detailed map. More often, there is a physical marker such as a fence or wall to indicate the border. On some detailed maps, borders are actually defined in more detail, with specific official names and boundaries, but borders may also just be a line that does not necessarily correspond to an official designation.
Cartographic features of Earth are abstract geographical features used on maps that have no physical form on landforms. It is a theoretical line that is used for navigation, reference, and measurement. Humans can represent geographical features in a variety of ways.
Contour lines are used on topographic maps to show elevation change. Colors are also used to identify different types of geographical features. Water is almost always blue, ecosystems are green while brown is used to represent rugged mountains. The largest man-made geographical feature is the Great Wall of China, which spans roughly 8, kilometers from east to west and is visible from space. The construction of the Panama Canal spanned about a decade and required digging a channel across the Isthmus of Panama as an impossible task, but it is carried out by humans.
Examples of geographic features include mountains, rivers, oceans, and countries. Geographical features can also refer to the natural environment around an object such as forested areas surrounding cities. The geography of an area has a significant impact on how people live there — for example, in some areas it may be difficult to grow crops because of the climate. Geography also plays a major role in determining what type of animals and plants you will find in an area.
The geography of the land is what often defines a civilization. Places are locations having distinctive features that give them meaning and character that differs from other locations.
We come from a place, we live in a place, and we preserve and exhibit fierce pride over places. Places usually have names and boundaries and include continents, islands, countries, regions, state, cities, neighborhoods, villages, and uninhabited areas.
Places are jointly characterized by their physical and human properties. Their physical characteristics include landforms, climate, soils, and hydrology. Places change over time as both physical and human processes change and thus modify the characteristics of a place. Places change in size and complexity as a result of new knowledge, ideas, human migrations, climatic changes, or political conflicts. Places disappear and are renamed e.
Petersburg changed to Leningrad and then reverted back to St. Knowing the physical and human characteristics of their own places influences how people think about who they are. Knowing about other places influences how people understand other peoples, cultures, and regions of the world.
Students must understand how physical and human characteristics give meaning to places. They must also understand that these characteristics vary from place to place and change over time. A settlement is a permanent or temporary community in which people live. A settlement can range in size from a small number of dwellings grouped together to the largest of cities with surrounding urbanized areas.
The medieval settlement research group a British organisation [5] includes as part of a settlement, associated features such as roads, enclosures, field systems, boundary banks and ditches, ponds, parks and woods, mills, manor houses, moats and churches. Engineered geographic features such as highways, bridges, airports, railroads, buildings, dams, and reservoirs, which are part of the anthroposphere because they are man-made, are artificial geographic features.
Abstract geographic features are those that don't exist physically in the real world, yet have a location by definition and may be displayed on maps. Politically defined areas such as political divisions countries and administrative divisions states, provinces, counties, municipalities, etc. Cartographic geographic features are another type of abstract geographical feature - they appear on maps but not on the planet itself, even though they are located on the planet. For example, you can see the Equator on maps, but if you were actually standing on the Equator you wouldn't be able to see it, because it is an entirely theoretical line used for reference, navigation, and measurement.
Areas with political boundaries are abstract in that their borders are not always visible in the terrain, and not identifiable as borders just by what they look like. For example, a river is a river because it is a flow of water.
A border doesn't have any specific visual characteristics - it's a border because it designates a territory. Usually there is no line drawn on the ground to show the border between two states, though sometimes there is a wall or a fence, or even a minefield.
Borders are often only drawn on maps. Cartographic features of Earth are theoretical constructs used specifically on maps that don't have any physical form apart from their location.
Labels distinguish geographic features of the same type, e. Labels can be in the form of a name, e. Forest stand numbers are examples of polygon labels. Each label is unique and provides the mechanism for linking the feature to a set of descriptive characteristics, referred to as attribute data. It is important to note that geographic features and the symbology used to represent them, e. Some features can be represented by point symbology at a small scale, e. Accordingly, the accuracy of the feature's location is often fuzzier at a smaller scale than a larger scale.
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